https://www.nps.gov/grba/learn/historyculture/the-prometheus-story.htm
http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/nova/methuselah/long.html http://www.livescience.com/48344-bristlecone-pines-photos.html http://www.livescience.com/29152-oldest-tree-in-world.html https://www.nps.gov/grba/planyourvisit/identifying-bristlecone-pines.htm http://www2.ca.uky.edu/forestryextension/KWM/FOR101AgingTrees.pdf https://academic.oup.com/gerontologist/article-abstract/4/1/10/630929/The-Longevity-and-Aging-of-Trees1?redirectedFrom=PDF https://aging.uiowa.edu/science-why-we-age https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12362893 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4712935/ http://www-plb.ucdavis.edu/courses/bis/1C/nlu-w11/lectures/SecondaryGrowth.pdf http://www.telomer.com.tr/wp-content/uploads/2015/12/TL_in_the_new_born_AvivA_IPRF_2001.pdf https://www.tasciences.com/telomeres-and-cellular-aging/ http://evolution.berkeley.edu/evolibrary/article/0_0_0/mutations_02 http://www.nature.com/news/2009/090827/full/news.2009.864.html
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Episode 3.c is up, It's the final episode of a three part-er where at the end we've answered the when, why, and how mammals evolved. This episode covers the Size Refugium. I'd like to give a shout out to my mammology professor from college, Professor Sullivan who is my main source of information for today's episode too. You can follow the link to my soundcloud page (https://soundcloud.com/user-321587596/episode-3c-descended-from-giants ) and I also have a facebook page up under postcast wild. Thank you for listening, and thank you for learning.
ho.edu/biol483/lectures/lecture2.pdf
http://www.webpages.uidaho.edu/biol483/lectures/Lecture1.pdf http://www.webpages.uidaho.edu/~jacks/McNab.1978.pdf http://news.nationalgeographic.com/news/2005/01/0112_050112_dino_eater.html https://www.ucl.ac.uk/news/news-articles/1215/221215-mammal-diversity http://bytesizebio.net/2010/11/20/warm-blooded-turtles/ https://matthewbonnan.wordpress.com/tag/endothermy/ http://journals.plos.org/plospathogens/article?id=10.1371/journal.ppat.1002808 https://allyouneedisbiology.wordpress.com/2016/04/06/synapsids-evolution/ http://www.ucmp.berkeley.edu/carboniferous/carboniferous.php http://www.bbc.co.uk/nature/history_of_the_earth/Carboniferous http://www.ucmp.berkeley.edu/permian/permian.php http://inside.ucumberlands.edu/academics/biology/faculty/kuss/courses/skeletal%20system/temporalfossaeOverview.htm https://www.thoughtco.com/the-first-mammals-1093311 https://www.britannica.com/science/Permian-extinction Episode three B is up, It's episode two of a three part-er where at the end we'll be able to answer the when, why, and how mammals evolved. This episode covers mammalian traits, specifically those tied to endothermy. I'd like to give a shout out to my mammology professor from college, Professor Sullivan who is my main source of information for today's episode (and for the next one too). You can follow the link to my soundcloud page (https://soundcloud.com/user-321587596/episode-3b-making-of-a-mammal ) and I also have a facebook page up under postcast wild. Thank you for listening, and thank you for learning.
A. Soft Anatomy Characters 1. *Lactogeneic - milk production 2. Viviparous - live birth with no eggs (except monotreams) 3. *Hair - unique to mammals, and a great insulator 4. *Sweat - evaporative cooling 5.*Sebaceous glands - related to hair 6. *Muscular Diaphragm - used for respiration 7. Endothermic - high rate of metabolism and a low rate of heat loss to the environment 8. Four-chambered heart- separation of the systemic and pulmonary circuits 9. *Anucleate Red Blood Cells – more room to carry more oxygen 10. *Separate renal artery and vein rather than a renal portal system 11. *Facial muscles. derived from ancestral constrictor coli, this allows for facial expressions 12. Expanded cerebral portion of brain - particular portion called *dorsal pallium B. Hard Anatomy (Skeletal) Characters. — Cranial — 1. Double occipital condyle, where the skull and vertebrae meet 2. *Atlas/Axis Complex - the juncture between the first two cervical or neck vertebrae 3. Secondary Palate – Bone that separates two cavities, the nasal and the oral. This allows for simultaneous breathing and swallowing. 4. *Tympanic bone- supports the eardrum, was once part of the lower jaw. In many species, this forms an auditory bulla. 5. *Three ear ossicles – middle man between the eardrum and the inner ear. The first two used to be part of a jaw joint in ancestral species 6. *The dentary- a Single pair of bones in lower jaw or mandible, the dentary. Ancentral jaw had multiple bones 7. One single opening for the nasal cavity. 8. Respiratory turbinates – increases surface area inside the nasal cavity for water retention — Teeth — 1.Teeth are restricted to the gum line of the jaw marines. 2. *Diphyodont - Two sets of teeth, milk and adult. 3. Thecodont – Teeth are rooted in a socket. 4. Heterodont - Specialized types of teeth instead of uniform teeth 5. Multicuspate – Teeth have lots of cusps or bumps — Axial Skeleton — 1. *Extreme regionalization of vertebral column cervical region- neck vertebrae - almost always 7; some groups with 9 thoracic region - chest region - 12 or 13 lumbar region - lower back - variable number sacral region - associated with the pelvis caudal region - associated with the tail 2. Ribs are restricted to thoracic vertebrae —Appendicular Skeleton — 1. *Limb bones have epiphyses or growth plate near the end of bones This allows a great deal of stress at joints. 2.* Calcaneum – There is a heel bone where Achilles tendon attaches This provides a great deal of leverage for extension of the foot. 3. Reduction in the number of bones in limb girdles, where the limbs connect to the rest of the body 4. Limbs rotate under body; contrast with lizards for example which exhibit a condition similar to the ancestral condition http://www.webpages.uidaho.edu/biol483/lectures/Lecture1.pdf
http://www.webpages.uidaho.edu/biol483/lectures/lecture2.pdf https://www.reference.com/science/function-external-nares-d8b477c297224fdb# http://www.smithsonianmag.com/science-nature/seven-most-extreme-milks-animal-kingdom-180956588/ http://www.bbc.com/earth/story/20150930-the-furriest-animal-in-the-world https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3633340/ http://www.livescience.com/7468-hyoid-bone-changed-history.html https://core.ac.uk/download/pdf/10195904.pdf http://www.tamdistrict.org/cms/lib8/CA01000875/Centricity/Domain/670/DinosaurMetabolism.pdf https://books.google.com/books?hl=en&lr=&id=rfuDnYKBA7MC&oi=fnd&pg=PA337&dq=carrier%27s+constraint&ots=E8CkRLJHrC&sig=hUmADXBImlNbet27JSybme66_GQ#v=onepage&q=carrier's%20constraint&f=false http://www.theglobeandmail.com/technology/can-lizards-breathe-while-running/article1065485/ Episode three A is up, It's episode one of a three part-er where at the end we'll be able to answer the when, why, and how mammals evolved. This episode covers endotherms and ectotherms, or hot and cold blooded animals. Also, I'm starting to understand what Dan Carlin means when he says he's "addicted to context." You can follow the link to my soundcloud page ( https://soundcloud.com/user-321587596/episode-3a-some-like-it-hot ) and I also have a facebook page up under postcast wild. Thank you for listening, and thank you for learning.
http://voices.nationalgeographic.com/2014/07/30/animals-science-extreme-temperatures-frozen-alaska-wood-frog/
http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/770542-overview#a3 http://www.nejm.org/doi/pdf/10.1056/NEJM199412293312607 http://people.wcsu.edu/pinout/herpetology/rsylvatica/freezing.html https://www.khanacademy.org/science/biology/principles-of-physiology/metabolism-and-thermoregulation/a/endotherms-ectotherms https://www.khanacademy.org/science/biology/principles-of-physiology/body-structure-and-homeostasis/a/homeostasis http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/166320-overview#a5 http://www.reptilesmagazine.com/Care-Sheets/Snakes/Ball-Python/ https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Feed_conversion_ratio#Beef_cattle http://wdfw.wa.gov/conservation/health/wns/ http://scienceblogs.com/grrlscientist/2006/04/09/hummingbirds-and-torpor/ http://minerva.union.edu/linthicw/endo.htm http://www.world-builders.org/lessons/less/les9/area.html http://www.sumanasinc.com/webcontent/animations/content/proteinstructure.html Episode two is up, its about an amphibian you probably never heard of. You can follow the link to my soundcloud page ( https://soundcloud.com/user-321587596/episode-two-baby-cannibals ) and I also have a facebook page up under postcast wild. Thank you for listening, and thank you for learning.
Here is a list of all the sources for episode two.
https://www.wired.com/2013/11/the-creature-feature-10-fun-facts-about-caecilians-or-this-amphibian-is-one-in-a-caecilian/ http://faculty.washington.edu/fishguy/Articles/caecilians.html https://www.sciencenewsforstudents.org/article/caecilians-other-amphibian https://books.google.com/books?id=eDKEKy5JJbIC&pg=PA77&lpg=PA77&dq=caecilian+tendons&source=bl&ots=EuL5RAS0yp&sig=uceos28RBdYYSsQMrWDEyKNFn_g&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwi4rbye9aHQAhVJ2WMKHSEzARMQ6AEIODAH#v=onepage&q=caecilian%20tendons&f=false http://animals.sandiegozoo.org/animals/caecilian http://www.jstor.org/stable/3892639 http://www.caudata.org/cc/articles/caecilian_care_Parmley.pdf http://brtc.tamu.edu/files/2012/06/Caecilians-for-302-class9.pdf https://eurekamag.com/pdf.php?pdf=008793884 (snake vs caecilian source) |
M.K.I'm your host here at Podcast Wild. We cover all kinds of topics relating to outdoor sciences. Archives
June 2017
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